2025-05-24
人造修复有创新与实验室芯术改制模式Artificial repair innovation
一、人造修复有创新
模仿生物骨骼的自修复（self-healing）过程，研究人员在纤维增强的高分子复合材料中引入通道系统，通过注入树脂对材料损伤的部位进行修复。经过修复的复合材料的抗压强度可以达到损伤之前的97%。
欧洲喷气式战斗机的机身主要是由纤维增强高分子复合材料构成。这种材料较同等的金属材料相比重量更轻，强度和硬度更高；但是塑性较差。纤维增强在本质上是一个平面的机制，对于所受到的冲击无法较好地吸收和释放。而作为飞行器的面板来讲，细微的冲击损伤是非常难进行检测的，但却对材料的机械性能有重要的影响。
来自布里斯托大学的Richard Trask博士及同事们试图通过使材料具备自修复的能力来解决这一问题。我们人体的骨骼也是由层状的脆性单元所组成的复合材料。但是，当骨骼中产生裂纹时，它可以通过两种骨细胞进行重建：蚀骨细胞（osteoclasts）和成骨细胞（osteoblasts）。蚀骨细胞可以侵蚀骨头，它们在死亡的骨头中产生通道或者管道。血管通过这些管道将成骨细胞带到损伤的位置，慢慢生成新的骨骼。
研究人员通过“溶模（lost wax）”的方法将一个管道系统引入到高分子复合材料中。如果材料发生了损伤，就可以将一种修复用的树脂注入这些管道中，对损伤的部位进行修复。实验发现，经过修复的复合材料的抗压强度可以达到损伤之前的97%。
这项人造材料自修复方面的研究对相关工程领域的发展具有重要的意义。
1、 Artificial restoration has innovation
By mimicking the self-healing process of biological bones, researchers have introduced a channel system into fiber-reinforced polymer composites to repair damaged areas by injecting resin. The compressive strength of the repaired composite material can reach 97% of its pre damage level.
The fuselage of European jet fighters is mainly composed of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials. This material is lighter in weight, stronger, and harder than equivalent metal materials; But the plasticity is poor. Fiber reinforcement is essentially a planar mechanism that cannot effectively absorb and release the impact it receives. As for the panel of an aircraft, minor impact damage is very difficult to detect, but it has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the material.
Dr. Richard Trask and colleagues from the University of Bristol attempted to solve this problem by endowing materials with self-healing capabilities. Our human bones are also composite materials composed of layered brittle units. However, when cracks occur in the bone, they can be reconstructed by two types of bone cells: osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Osteoblasts can erode bones by creating channels or conduits in dead bones. Blood vessels transport osteoblasts to the site of injury through these channels, gradually generating new bone.
Researchers introduced a pipeline system into polymer composite materials using the "lost wax" method. If the material is damaged, a repair resin can be injected into these pipes to repair the damaged area. The experiment found that the compressive strength of the repaired composite material can reach 97% of that before damage.
